The depiction of Vikings in horned helmets was an invention of the 19th-century Romanticist Viking revival. Minnesota Viking Pat Williams at the 2007 Pro Bowl It was part of the construction of great Norse myths to be adopted by Germans, who wanted their own ancestral myths. The depiction of these horned helmets as historical is a fallacy that began in the 1870s. Viking warriors are associated with horned helmets in popular culture, but there is no evidence that Viking helmets had horns. These conical " devil masks" were made from plated mail, and usually had eyes engraved on them. Indo-Persian warriors often wore horned or spiked helmets in battle to intimidate their enemies. These horns, used to identify military commanders on the battlefield, could be cast from metal, or made from genuine water buffalo horns. In pre- Meiji Restoration Japan, some Samurai armor incorporated a horned, plumed or crested helmet. In Asia Japanese kabuto with buffalo horns Indo-Persian Devil Mask, cuirass and scimitar Great helm of Albert von Pranckh, 14th century, showing the style often used by the Teutonic order Middle Ages late 15th century, illustrates both winged helmets and a horned helm in the arms of Dalheim, bottom row. Note that the similar crests to the animal figures on the helmets of the warrior's depicted on the Sutton Hoo helmet has been demonstrated on helmets from Valsgärde, but the depicted crests where grossly exaggerated. This would link the headgear as a mythological representations rather than depictions of actual helmets. A similar figurine from Levide, Gotland, lacked an eye, apparently removed after its completion. A one-eyed figure with similar headgear was found at the site of Uppåkra temple, an alleged center of an Odinic-cult activity. Some have suggested that the figure in question does not portray actual headgear, but a mythological object of a god like Odin. This headgear, of which only depictions have survived, seems to have mostly fallen out of use with the end of the Migration period. An engraved belt-buckle found during excavations by Sonia Chadwick Hawkes in a 7th century grave at Finglesham, Kent in 1964 bears the image of a naked warrior standing between two spears wearing a belt and a horned helmet a case has been made that the much-repaired chalk figure called the " Long Man of Wilmington", East Sussex, repeats this iconic motif, and originally wore a similar cap, of which only the drooping lines of the neckguard remain. Also, a pendant from Ekhammar in Uppland, features the same figure in the same pose and an 8th century find in Staraya Ladoga (a Norse trading outpost at the time) shows an object with similar headgear. 600 CE) depict spear-carrying dancing men wearing horned helmets, similar to a figure seen on one of the Torslunda plates from Sweden. Decorative plates of the Sutton Hoo helmet ( c. Ī depiction on a Migration Period (5th century) metal die from Öland, Sweden, shows a warrior with a helmet adorned with two snakes, or dragons, arranged in a manner similar to horns. On the relief representing the Battle of Verona (312) they are in the first lines, and they are depicted fighting with the bowmen in the relief of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. The enigmatic Torrs Pony-cap and Horns from Scotland appears to be a horned champron to be worn by a horse.ĭepicted on the Arch of Constantine, dedicated in 315 CE, are Germanic soldiers, sometimes identified as " Cornuti", shown wearing horned helmets. Other Celtic helmets, especially from Eastern Europe, had bird crests. 55 BCE) with small horns and adorned with wheels, reminiscent of the combination of a horned helmet and a wheel on plate C of the Gundestrup cauldron ( c. Its abstracted 'horns', different from those of the earlier finds, are straight and conical. 150–50 BCE, was found in the River Thames, at London. The Waterloo Helmet, a Celtic bronze ceremonial helmet with repoussé decoration in the La Tène style, dating to c. Another early find is the Grevensvænge hoard from Zealand, Denmark, ( c. In Sardinia warriors with horned helmets are depicted in dozens of bronze figures and in the Mont'e Prama giant statues, similar to those of the Shardana warriors (and possibly belonging to the same people) depicted by the Egyptians.Ī pair of bronze horned helmets, the Veksø helmets, from the later Bronze Age (dating to c. Two bronze statuettes dated to the early 12th century BCE, the so-called "horned god" and "ingot god", wearing horned helmets, found in Enkomi, Cyprus. 150–50 BCE, found in the Thames ( British Museum) The Veksø horned helmets, from the later Bronze Age ( c. Further information: Horned deity and Ancient warfare The bronze "Horned God" from Enkomi The Waterloo Helmet, c.
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